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1 Introduction Preclinical training is a key phase in dental education, providing essential knowledge and the development of psychomotor skills necessary for the successful transition to clinical practice [1, 2]. This training enables students to acquire fundamental competencies in dental tasks, material handling, and instrument control within a controlled and low-risk environment [3, 4].

INTRODUCTION Preclinical training serves as a cornerstone in dental education, providing a controlled environment where students can develop essential manual dexterity and psychomotor skills (Sadeghi et al., 2023). This stage not only promotes the integration of theoretical knowledge with practical application but also facilitates learning in simulated scenarios, bridging the gap between classroom concepts and clinical practice (Fantinelli et al., 2024).