Sofora Jan

Abstract Lodging is a major constraint in wheat production, often resulting in substantial yield losses. Resistance to lodging is influenced by various morphological, biochemical, and anatomical traits of the stem, and the relative contribution of different stem parts, particularly individual internodes, to lodging tolerance remains unclear.

1 Introduction Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a vital cereal crop produced globally between latitudes 30°–60° N and 27°–40° S and is cultivated at elevations of up to 3000 m above sea level (Deng et al. 2005). It is grown on more than 222 million hectares worldwide, with production reaching approximately 800 million metric tonnes in the 2024/25 cropping season, far exceeding global food needs (Ashraf et al. 2024). However, various abiotic stresses impact agricultural production (Rosenzweig et al.

Supporting Information Filename Description ppl14069-sup-0001-FigureS1.docxWord 2007 document , 22.3 KB Fig S1: Biplots between the genotypes and various studied biochemical traits assayed in this study under (T0) normal conditions, (T1) acclimation phase at 4°C for 14 days, (T2), cold stress at −5°C after acclimation (T3) cold stress at −5°C without acclimation treatments. REFERENCES , , , , , , and (2021) Effect of cold stress on polyamine metabolism and antioxidant responses in chickpea.