Soo Jean Park

1 Introduction The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is an invasive pest originally from the tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas (Sparks 1979). This pest has demonstrated remarkable adaptability due to its ability to feed on a wide variety of plants, its high mobility, and its rapid reproductive rate (Sparks 1979; Zhou et al. 2020). Within a short period, it has expanded its range across Africa (Goergen et al. 2016; Otim et al. 2018), Asia (Sharanabasappa et al.

4. Materials and Methods 4.1. Chemicals MEO was purchased from Escentials of Australia (Noosaville, Queensland, Australia). 6-Pentyl-5,6-dihydropyran-2-one (known as C10 massoia lactone, ≥95%) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Furfural, linalool, methyl eugenol, benzyl benzoate, and benzyl salicylate were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). 4.2. Preparation of Fungal Cultures A.