Sookja Kim Chung

1 INTRODUCTION Depression is a common illness that occurs across all genders, ages, social backgrounds, and even in animals. According to predictions by the World Health Organization (2017), by the year 2030, depression will be expected to become the disease with the highest economic burden worldwide.

1 INTRODUCTION Natural products have been the source of bioactive molecules since antiquity with marked effectiveness against various ailments, such as inflammation, cancer, infection, bone diseases, and more (Ashraf et al., 2020, 2022; Moussa et al., 2020; Fayez et al., 2022; Moussa, 2013). In Japan, V.

RESEARCH REPORT Chi Wai Cheung Corresponding Author cheucw@hku.hk orcid.org/0000-0002-1910-1659 Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China Corresponding author Prof.