Sophie Breitbart

1 Introduction The fast-paced growth of urban areas is intensely altering ecosystems worldwide. Urban environments are typically characterized by factors including extensive habitat fragmentation, impervious surface coverage, increased temperature, and high human population density (Grimm et al. 2008; McDonnell and MacGregor-Fors 2016). These factors can strongly shape how organisms inhabit and move through the urban landscape (Hamer and McDonnell 2008; Gallo et al.

Abstract Urbanization is altering landscapes globally at an unprecedented rate. While ecological differences between urban and rural environments often promote phenotypic divergence among populations, it is unclear to what degree these trait differences arise from genetic divergence as opposed to phenotypic plasticity. Furthermore, little is known about how specific landscape elements, such as green corridors, impact genetic divergence in urban environments.

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