Sorren Warkander

Semiconductor devices favor high carrier mobility for reduced Joule heating and high thermal conductivity for rapid heat dissipation. The ability to accurately characterize the motion of charge carriers and heat carriers is necessary to improve the performance of electronic devices. However, the conventional approaches of measuring carrier mobility and thermal conductivity require separate and independent measurement techniques.

Temperature swings of space objects and a typical black-body radiation spectrum are shown in The extraterrestrial (AM0) solar spectrumFigure 1A . Unlike the terrestrial thermal emitters that are limited in and optimized for the 8–13 μm atmospheric transparency window, the thermal emitters in space are not spectrally limited due to the vacuum environment.