Space Erkner Germany

1 INTRODUCTION In recent years, climate governance literature has recognised the need for transformations in the cultures, structures and practices that support current urban systems (Castán Broto et al., 2019; McCormick et al., 2013; Wolfram et al., 2017; Wolfram et al., 2019). This follows from the notion that conventional policy instruments like greenhouse gas inventories, technology transfer or emissions accounting will not be enough to curb global warming (Hermwille, 2016).

Modes of co-existence and interdependence in socio-technical niches The proposed platform-ecology heuristic builds on existing studies that use an ecology terminology to envisage the ‘result of the interconnection of platforms’ (van Dijck, 2013, p. 4). Kenney and Zysman (2016), for instance, refer to a ‘platform ecosystem’ to denote the technical integration of complementary platforms usually orchestrated by large ecosystem integrators.