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Articles by Space Physics
Discovery of a second-generation planet candidate accreting onto a white dwarf
Spectroscopic observations HS 0209+0832 was observed using HST/STIS in the FUV on 10 January 19994. Two exposures of 2,110 s and 1,140 s were taken using the MAMA detector and the E140M grating, covering the wavelength range 1,150−1,710 Å with a resolving power of R ≈ 45,800. We used the Hubble Advanced Spectral Products (HASP) spectrum, which combined the individual echelle orders into a single spectrum and co-added the two exposures.
Toward DOI-Based Mission Impact Tracking: An LLM Agent for SPASE Authorship Metadata
Measuring the impact of a scientific mission depends on knowing when its data are used, by whom, and how often. For decades, DOIs have been used to track citations of authors' publications; a similar mechanism can make an observatory or instrument a citable resource that serves as a connection to the various outputs it produces.
PyHC: status and wins
Published October 3, 2026 | Version v1 1. Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics Name Size md5:3a624cb9bfe94441efe7ca63581b0008 3.8 MB md5:66d9f2684453cbab76db18f03aad98c5 44.7 MB
ISTP Metadata Guidelines: Current Status and Future Development
Published October 2, 2026 | Version v1 Koval, Andriy1, 2 Kessel, Ramona3, 2 McGuire, Robert4 Roberts, D Aaron4 Candey, Robert4 Chimiak, Reine4 Jian, Lan5 Kovalick, Tamara J.6 Fooks, Sarah M.7 Grimes, Eric8, 2 et al.
Comparative Analysis of Middle Atmospheric Ozone Response to Four Large Geomagnetic Storms of Solar Cycle 25
Status: this preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP). Status: open (until 18 Nov 2026) Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse Please provide a reason why you see this comment as being abusive. You might include your name and email but you can also stay anonymous. Please provide a reason why you see this comment as being abusive. Please confirm reCaptcha.
Planetary-Wave modulation of mesospheric and lower thermosphere nitric oxide structure and transport during major Sudden Stratospheric Warmings
Status: closed Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse Please provide a reason why you see this comment as being abusive. You might include your name and email but you can also stay anonymous. Please provide a reason why you see this comment as being abusive. Please confirm reCaptcha. Comment* Name: Email: Metrics will be available soon.
Radial Diffusion by Single-Mode Ultra Low-Frequency Wave-Particle Interactions in the Radiation Belts
ORIGINAL RESEARCH article Front. Astron. Space Sci. Sec. Space Physics Radial Diffusion by Single-Mode Ultra Low-Frequency Wave-Particle Interactions in the Radiation Belts 1. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, United States 2. Applied Physics Graduate Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, United States 3. Physics Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia 4.
Solar wind driving and magnetospheric preconditioning during omega band substorm events
ORIGINAL RESEARCH article Volume 13 - 2026 | doi: 10.3389/fspas.2026.1953664 Reviewed by ORIGINAL RESEARCH article VC Vivian Cribb 1,2 TI Tuija I Pulkkinen 1 LK Larry Kepko 2 BG Bea Gallardo-Lacourt 2,3 RM Robert McPherron 4 JW James Weygand 4 XC Xiangning Chu 5 1. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States 2. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States 3. The Catholic University of America, Washington, United States 4.
Building AI Agents for Heliophysics Software Metadata Extraction and Validation
Published July 29, 2026 | Version v1 1. Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics
The Activity and Rotation Catalog (ARC) of Potential Target Stars for the Habitable Worlds Observatory
Published June 8, 2026 | Version v1 Poster Open 1. NSF's NOIRLab 2. University of California, Riverside 3. Chaffey College 4. Dartmouth College 5. Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA) 6. Georgia State University 7. Institute of Astronomy and Space Physics 8. Louisiana State University Name Size md5:7601829e03c5c148fe1d80b1e709a095 6.0 MB Preprint: 10.48550/arXiv.2605.22618 (DOI)
Can Auroral Heating Power Brown Dwarf Thermal Inversions?
Published June 8, 2026 | Version v1 Poster Open Recent modeling of the JWST spectra of the Y-dwarf CWISEPJ193518.59-154620.3 (Faherty et al. 2024; Suárez et al. 2025) and the T-dwarf SIMPJ013656.5+093347.3 (Nasedkin et al. 2025) indicates the presence of a thermal inversion in their atmospheres, implying an additional source of heating. Auroral energy deposition has been proposed as a potential mechanism.
X-ray Spectroscopic Properties of M-dwarf Megaflares: Insights from the AU Mic and Fulcrum Multi-wavelength Campaigns
Published May 29, 2026 | Version v1 Poster Open Notsu, Yuta1 Osten, Rachel2 Kowalski, Adam3, 1 Tristan, Isaiah4 Brasseur, C.E. Inoue, Shun5 Enoto, Teruaki5 Maehara, Hiroyuki6 Namekata, Kosuke5 Segura, Antigona7 Santibanez-Rivero, Gabriela7 BROWN, ALEXANDER3 Grady, Carol8 1. Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics 2. Space Telescope Science Institute 3. University of Colorado Boulder 4. Rice University 5. Kyoto University 6. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 7.
Ionospheric currents and auroral signatures during successive earthward bursty bulk flows and dipolarization: a 7 December 2023 case study
Status: this preprint is open for discussion and under review for Annales Geophysicae (ANGEO). Status: open (until 23 Jul 2026) Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse Please provide a reason why you see this comment as being abusive. You might include your name and email but you can also stay anonymous. Please provide a reason why you see this comment as being abusive. Please confirm reCaptcha.
Editorial: Dynamic Exospheres of Terrestrial Bodies Through the Solar System
EDITORIAL article Volume 13 - 2026 | doi: 10.3389/fspas.2026.1878700 EDITORIAL article DB Dolon Bhattacharyya 1 GC Gonzalo Cucho-Padin 3,4 SK Shingo Kameda 5 OT Orenthal Tucker 6 1. Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States 2. Laboratoire Atmospheres Milieux Observations Spatiales, Guyancourt, France 3. The Catholic University of America, Washington, United States 4. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States 5.
Editorial: Predicting Near-Earth Space Environment: New Perspective and Capabilities in the AI Age
EDITORIAL article Volume 13 - 2026 | doi: 10.3389/fspas.2026.1866836 EDITORIAL article YC Yue Chen 1 XC Xiangning Chu 2 WT Weichao Tu 3 MG Michael G Henderson 1 1. Los Alamos National Laboratory (DOE), Los Alamos, United States 2. University of Colorado Boulder Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, United States 3.
Steady Collapse of Uranus' Exosphere After 1998 to the Present Decade
Article Dans Une Revue Geophysical Research Letters Année : 2026 Steady Collapse of Uranus' Exosphere After 1998 to the Present Decade Domaines Fichier principal Geophysical Research Letters - 2026 - Bhattacharyya - Steady Collapse of Uranus Exosphere After 1998 to the Present Decade.pdf (1.2 Mo) Télécharger le fichier Origine Publication financée par une institution Licence hal-05556718 , version 1 (17-03-2026) Dolon Bhattacharyya, John T Clarke, Peter Stephenson, Tommi Koskinen, Jean-Yves...
Oxygen Torus and Warm Plasma Cloak: A Review
REVIEW article Volume 13 - 2026 | doi: 10.3389/fspas.2026.1817245 Reviewed by REVIEW article MN Masahito Nosé 1 NM Naomi Maruyama 2 1. Graduate School of Data Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan 2. Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States Article metrics View details Abstract This paper reviews past observational studies of low-energy ion populations in the Earth's magnetosphere, known as the oxygen torus and the warm plasma cloak.
The Plasmasphere Tomography (PlaTo) Mission Concept
METHODS article Front. Astron. Space Sci. Sec. Space Physics The Plasmasphere Tomography (PlaTo) Mission Concept 1. Orion Space Solutions LLC, Louisville, United States 2. University of Colorado Boulder Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, United States 3. University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States See more Article metrics View details The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.
Analysis of the Long‐Term Stability of TSI Instruments Using Allan Deviation and the Generation of a New TSI Composite
1 Introduction The 47 years space record of total solar irradiance (TSI) began in 1978 and is, for the most part, an uninterrupted record of partially overlapping measurements from individual instruments that contain offsets in magnitude that reflect differences in the calibration scale of the individual instruments. TSI is an energy source at the top of Earth's atmosphere that is more than 3000x larger than all other external energy sources combined (Kren et al., 2017).
An Extreme Events Study of the Storm‐Time Variations in Satellite Drag Coefficients
1 Introduction The thermosphere and ionosphere ranges from 90 to 1,000 km above Earth's surface, and form a coupled system where neutral atmosphere and plasma processes strongly interact under solar and geomagnetic forcing (Emmert, 2015; Heelis & Maute, 2020; Kelley, 2009). This region has been studied using a range of observational techniques including satellite missions, ground-based radars, and remote-sensing techniques (Laštovička, 2023).
First Climatology of Apex Altitudes for Intermediate‐Scale Irregularities: Evaluation of Solar and Geomagnetic Activity Contributions to Very High Apex Events
1 Introduction One topic that has gained increasing interest in the space weather community is the occurrence of plasma irregularities—such as the Equatorial Plasma Bubbles (EPBs)—reaching very high apex altitudes ( ≥ ${\ge} $ 1,500 km) over the dip equator. These events can span over a wide range of altitudes and dip latitudes. In the context of space physics, the term apex altitude refers to the highest altitude reached by a geomagnetic field line, located over the geomagnetic equator.
Inferences of water-ice cloud physics determined from MAVEN/IUVS aerosol retrievals and Mars GCM comparisons
Article Dans Une Revue Icarus Année : 2024 Inferences of water–ice cloud physics determined from MAVEN/IUVS aerosol retrievals and Mars GCM comparisons Origine Fichiers produits par l'(les) auteur(s) hal-05408089 , version 1 (10-12-2025) Kyle Connour, Michael Wolff, Nicholas Schneider, Justin Deighan, Sonal Jain, et al.. Inferences of water–ice cloud physics determined from MAVEN/IUVS aerosol retrievals and Mars GCM comparisons. Icarus, 2024, 421, pp.116228. ⟨10.1016/j.icarus.2024.116228⟩.
PHEPs: intro and current status
Published October 20, 2025 | Version v1 Presentation Open 1. Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics 2. University of New Hampshire This IHDEA presentation focuses on introducing the PyHC Enhancement Proposal (PHEP) process, and comments on current status. A PHEP provides information to the Python in Heliophysics Community (PyHC), describes its processes, or establishes standards for its packages.
The Heliophysics Software Search Interface
Current search capabilities for Heliophysics science software significantly lack coverage across programming languages, interoperability with generic capabilities (e.g., Google), science-specific features, and interlinking with other Heliophysics resources.
DASH Technical Proposal Kickstart Guide
These are the slides which support the DASH (https://dash.heliophysics.net) Technical Proposal writing workshop, held Oct 19, 2025, San Antonio, TX.
The Heliophysics Software Search Interface: Supporting Flexible Search with Controlled Lists
The Heliophysics Software Search Interface (HSSI) is a NASA-funded effort to increase the discoverability of Heliophysics software. This search interface reaches across programming languages to offer a single search service for all types of software in Heliophysics. The search capabilities offered by HSSI are supported by a small collection of controlled lists used to categorize the software indexed by the HSSI for improved search operation and flexibility.
A Call for Science Data System Papers
Published October 17, 2025 | Version v1 Poster Open Most space science missions, and many other research projects within Heliophysics, Planetary Science, Earth Science, and related fields, require the development and operation of systems to process collected instrument data into fully-calibrated, scientifically useful quantities. Other related activities, such as metadata generation, archive preparation, and public dissemination are often incorporated into these systems.
Strengthening Open Source Practices in Heliophysics
Published October 16, 2025 | Version v1 Poster Open Open source software is a critical component of heliophysics software development. As NASA requires more open source software through its open source initiative, developers and scientists in heliophysics must learn how to manage and disseminate their own open source code effectively.
Highlights of the Developing Heliophysics Standards and Cross-science Collaborations Workshop
Published October 16, 2025 | Version v1 Poster Open Ringuette, Rebecca1, 2 Cronk, Heather3 Barnum, Julie3 Wiltberger, Michael4 Welling, Daniel5 Carver, Jeffrey6 Thomas, Brian7, 1 Vandegriff, Jon Niehof, Jonathan8 1. Heliophysics Digital Resource Library 2. Adnet Systems (United States) 3. Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics 4. NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research 5. University of Michigan 6. University of Alabama 7. National Aeronautics and Space Administration 8.
Correction: Calculation of the dayside reconnection rate from cusp ion-energy dispersion
CORRECTION article Volume 12 - 2025 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2025.1691031 Author S. A. Fuselier was erroneously spelled as S. A. Fueslier. Throughout the text (except in Equation 6), the flux tube scaling factor was erroneously given as dy′dy. The correct equation is dydy′.
2 newly launched NASA missions will help scientists understand the influence of the Sun, both from up close and afar
NASA's IMAP mission is one of two launching in September 2025. NASA/Princeton University/Patrick McPike On Sept. 24, 2025, NASA launched two new missions to study the influence of the Sun on the solar system, with further missions scheduled for 2026 and beyond. The field investigates the conditions at a wide range of locations on and around the Sun, ranging from its interior, surface and atmosphere, and the constant stream of particles flowing from the Sun – called the the solar wind.
Dynamics of electrostatically lofted dust on airless planetary bodies
Article Dans Une Revue Icarus Année : 2021 Dynamics of electrostatically lofted dust on airless planetary bodies Fichier principal 1-s2.0-S0019103521001949-am.pdf (580.87 Ko) Télécharger le fichier Origine Fichiers produits par l'(les) auteur(s) insu-03221315 , version 1 (18-09-2025) Yeo Li Hsia, Xu Wang, Jan Deca, Hsiang-Wen Hsu, Mihály Horányi. Dynamics of electrostatically lofted dust on airless planetary bodies. Icarus, 2021, 366 (September), pp.114519. ⟨10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114519⟩.
Inverted radial Alfven continua: First results from "Heliophysics Audified: Resonances in Plasmas"
ORIGINAL RESEARCH article Front. Astron. Space Sci. Sec.
Thermospheric Density, Composition, and Temperature From GOES‐R/SUVI Solar Occultations
1 Introduction The Earth's thermosphere, stretching from the mesopause to the exobase ( ∼ ${\sim} $ 85–500 km), is a critical region of the upper atmosphere that plays a pivotal role in space weather and satellite operations. These altitudes include both the ionosphere and the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) region, and its state is influenced by a variety of photochemical and dynamical processes.
The Impact of the May 1921 Superstorm on American Telecommunication Systems
1 Introduction The magnetic storm of 13–16 May 1921 was one of the greatest in the history of geomagnetic measurement. The storm induced aurorae in many nighttime skies, and it disrupted the operation of telegraph and telephone systems around the world (e.g., Hapgood, 2019; Kappenman, 2006). Such sights and impacts were spectacularly experienced in North America, where events were widely reported in local newspapers.
NASA’s MAVEN Makes First Observation of Atmospheric Sputtering at Mars ...Middle East
After a decade of searching, NASA’s MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere Volatile Evolution) mission has, for the first time, reported a direct observation of an elusive atmospheric escape process called sputtering that could help answer longstanding questions about the history of water loss on Mars.
Imbalanced Regression Artificial Neural Network Model for Auroral Electrojet Indices (IRANNA): Can We Predict Strong Events?
1 Introduction The auroral Electrojet indices (AE) are critical for understanding the magnetosphere's response to solar wind driving, particularly through tail magnetic reconnection and substorm-associated dynamics (Davis and Sugiura, 1966). When solar wind energy is transferred into the magnetosphere via dayside reconnection, it is stored as magnetic energy in the magnetotail lobe (Dungey, 1961).
NASA Observes First Visible-light Auroras at Mars
On March 15, 2024, near the peak of the current solar cycle, the Sun produced a solar flare and an accompanying coronal mass ejection (CME), a massive explosion of gas and magnetic energy that carries with it large amounts of solar energetic particles. This solar activity led to stunning auroras across the solar system, including at Mars, where NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover made history by detecting them for the first time from the surface of another planet.
C3PO - IV. Co-natal stars depleted in refractories are magnetically more active - possible imprints of planets
It has long been observed that compared to per cent of solar twins, the Sun exhibits a depletion in the elemental abundance of refractory elements (such as Fe, Ti, and Al),1 and this depletion is correlated with the condensation temperature (e.g. Meléndez et al. 2009; Bedell et al. 2018; Rampalli et al. 2024). Similar phenomena have also been observed and validated in other stars (e.g. Ramírez et al. 2010; Ramírez, Meléndez & Asplund 2014; Liu et al. 2020, 2024; Flores et al. 2024).
Large Eddy Simulation of Shallow Cumulus Clouds in the Southern Great Plains With an Interactive Land Surface Model
1 Introduction Shallow cumulus clouds are small in size but are widespread across the Earth. Their ubiquity, combined with a proficiency to reflect solar radiation, renders them a major player in Earth's climate and a leading source of uncertainty in climate projections (e.g., Bony & Dufresne, 2005; Myers et al., 2021; Radtke et al., 2021; Sherwood et al., 2020; Zelinka et al., 2020).
Local Time Variations of Quiet Time Meridional Winds During Solar Minimum Solstices Based on ICON Observations and Numerical Simulations
1 Introduction Thermospheric neutral winds play a significant role on the state of the coupled Ionosphere-Thermosphere (IT) system. They drive ionospheric and thermospheric structures through electrodynamic and hydrodynamic processes of the I-T system (Jiang et al., 2021; Richmond & Roble, 1987; Yu et al., 2022, 2023).
Relâmpagos ligam o clima da Terra com o clima do espaço
Os raios podem ser usados para sondar os cinturões de radiação Van Allen da Terra, conectando diretamente o clima terrestre e o clima espacial. Há trilhões de partículas carregadas - prótons e elétrons, os blocos básicos de construção da matéria - zunindo sobre nossas cabeças a todo momento. Essas partículas de alta energia, que podem viajar a uma velocidade próxima à da luz, normalmente permanecem a milhares de quilômetros da Terra, presas pelo formato do campo magnético terrestre.
Lauren Blum
Assistant Professor of Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder
Lightning strikes link weather on Earth and weather in space
Written by Lauren Blum, Assistant Professor of Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder There are trillions of charged particles – protons[1] and electrons[2], the basic building blocks of matter – whizzing around above your head at any given time. These high-energy particles, which can travel at close to the speed of light, typically remain thousands of kilometers away from Earth, trapped there by the shape of Earth’s magnetic field.
Forecasting High‐Speed Solar Wind Streams From Solar Images
1 Introduction Space weather effects in the near-Earth space environment pose threats to technological infrastructure, both in space and on Earth. In particular geomagnetic storms, primarily caused by high-speed solar wind streams (HSSs) and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), can lead to severe damage. In this study, we focus on HSSs, which originate from coronal holes.
Radiation Impact of the Halloween GLE Events During the October-November 2003 Period
1 Introduction Galactic cosmic-rays (GCRs) are high-energy particles, which are omnipresent throughout the galaxy, currently thought to be produced within supernova remnants (Blasi, 2013). Through acceleration mechanisms GCRs can reach energies up to the PeV and EeV ranges (Abbasi et al., 2018). GCRs travel vast distances from their point of origin throughout the galaxy experiencing diffusion as they encounter magnetic inhomogeneities (Kulsrud & Pearce, 1969).
Charging effects on Rosetta dust measurements
Dust particles released from comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenkocollect electrostatic charges. Their motion is influenced by the electric fields induced by the flow of the solar wind and by the charging of the Rosetta spacecraft itself. Dust grains with sufficiently low tensile strength might even be destroyed en route from the nucleus to Rosetta.
MIL-OSI USA: Celebrating 10 Years at Mars with NASA’s MAVEN Mission
Source: NASA A decade ago, on Sept. 21, 2014, NASA’s MAVEN (Mars Atmospheric and Volatile EvolutioN) spacecraft entered orbit around Mars, beginning its ongoing exploration of the Red Planet’s upper atmosphere. The mission has produced a wealth of data about how Mars’ atmosphere responds to the Sun and solar wind, and how these interactions can explain the loss of the Martian atmosphere to space.
Charging and Mobilization of Dust Particles on a Surface in Plasma
We present first experimental results showing that single dust particles on a dielectric surface are mobilized and lofted due to exposure to an electron beam or ultraviolet radiation. It is shown that secondary electrons and/or photoelectrons emitted from a substrate surface are recollected on the surfaces within microcavities between a dust particle and the substrate surface, resulting in large negative charges and subsequently causing mobilization of the dust particle due to Coulomb repulsion.
Atmospheric ion escape and solar wind deposition as a function of planetary radius
Geological evidence on Mars suggests that the red planet once hosted a dense atmosphere that supported the existence of surface oceans (e.g. Carr & Waenke 1992; di Achille & Hynek 2010). However, as time has passed, much of the Martian atmosphere appears to have escaped to space (e.g. Lillis et al. 2015).
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