Stephan Chabardes

Abstract Most human studies on perceptual decision-making are correlational, and few addressed the causal role of the neural markers they identify. Here, we took the opportunity offered by deep brain stimulation to study the causal role of subthalamo-cortical networks on perceptual decision-making and perceptual monitoring.

Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is diagnosed after motor symptoms appear, although non-motor symptoms emerge years earlier. Following years of pharmacological treatment, high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN), a key hub in goal-directed behaviors, can be proposed. While HFS-STN reliably improves motor symptoms, it does not specifically address non-motor symptoms. Clarifying how STN dysfunction contributes to these symptoms could improve stimulation strategies.

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly explored across deep brain stimulation (DBS) for movement disorders, yet whether current systems are approaching deployment remains unclear. To characterise their scope, validation maturity, and translational readiness, we systematically evaluated 239 peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2025, assessing AI methods, validation practices, and barriers constraining clinical translation.