Stephen Matthew

Introduction Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by complete or partial pubertal failure caused by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency. According to the olfactory function, IHH is divided into two major forms, normal sense of smell (normosmic IHH, nIHH) and inability to smell, anosmia, defined as Kallmann syndrome (KS).