Lei Cheng

Abstract Anaerobic degradation of complex organic compounds to methane and carbon dioxide is common in the deep subsurface biosphere and has long been considered to require syntrophic cooperation, with methanogens confined to the terminal use of simple C1 and C2 substrates. Thermodynamic considerations, multi-omics analyses and microcosm experiments suggest that archaeal lineages are capable of methanogenic degradation of complex substrates1,2,3,4,5,6.

1 Introduction Transpiration is the process by which plants transfer water to the atmosphere through stomata (Gharbia et al. 2018), playing a crucial role in global hydrological cycle (Bai et al. 2018; Li et al. 2022; Rodell et al. 2018). In general, daytime transpiration accounts for most of plants' water use (Liu et al. 2023; Qiang et al. 2023), but numerous studies showed that nighttime transpiration has pronounced contributions to total transpiration in various plants (Di et al.