Suheyla Kocaman

1 Introduction Composite materials are systems formed by the macroscopic combination of two or more constituents to achieve superior properties that cannot be attained when the components are used individually [1]. In many industries, such as aerospace, automotive, and construction, where metals have traditionally been utilized, there has been a growing shift toward polymer matrix composites due to their advantages, including lightweight structure, high strength, and ease of processing [2].

Introduction Click to copy section linkSection link copied! Discharging chemical pollutants into water bodies due to industrial activities, particularly within the chemical and textile sectors, is a critical environmental issue today. These pollutants encompass many substances, including organic compounds, heavy metals, and synthetic dyes. Among them, dyes used extensively in the textile industry are of particular concern due to their structural complexity and persistence.

1 INTRODUCTION Today, safety requirements are becoming increasingly stringent in terms of polymers' fire responses and fire resistance performance. In combustion reactions, two important factors are the combustible material and oxygen, the oxidizing agent usually found in the air. It is known that a chemical structure consisting of mainly carbon and hydrogen elements gives polymers very flammable properties.