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Sukhpal S. Sandhu on Muck Rack

Sukhpal S. Sandhu

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Elevated aqueous TNF‐α levels are associated with more severe functional and anatomic findings in eyes with diabetic macular oedema

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By TUẤN TRẦN, Tuan Tran, Paul G. Sanfilippo, Lyndell L Lim, Sukhpal S. Sandhu
| Wiley Online Library Verified
1 INTRODUCTION Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) is the leading cause of vision impairment in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR).1 It can occur at any stage of DR and results from the breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) with subsequent accumulation of plasma and lipids in the subretinal and intraretinal space.2 The upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been implicated as the primary cause of increased vascular permeability, with many phase 3 studies...
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