Summer Hudson

What is already known? ○ Ultraprocessed food (UPF) intake is associated with metabolic syndrome and poor cardiovascular health in adolescents. ○ Two controlled feeding trials in adults found that UPF exposure led to increased energy intake (EI) and weight gain. No experimental trials have investigated UPF exposure in adolescents and young adults aged 18–25 years. What does this study add?

1. Introduction Children commonly experience pain and distress in healthcare settings, which is often associated with the required diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, such as blood tests and intravenous insertions (IVIs). Inadequately addressed pain and distress can result in negative consequences, both in the short-term (e.g., fear, prolonged/repeat procedures and impediment of care) and the long-term (e.g., needle phobia and health-care anxiety/avoidance) [1,2,3].