Sung Cheol Cho

1. Introduction Muscle atrophy, characterized by a decrease in muscle volume, can result from various factors such as malnutrition, nerve dysfunction, and a lack of physical activity. A previous study reported a regression in the capillary network, a vital component responsible for delivering nutrients and immune cells to facilitate the healing and regeneration processes of atrophied muscles [1].

Abstract Background: Intra-articular corticosteroid or hyaluronic acid (HA) is commonly prescribed for frozen shoulder. However, few studies have investigated histological and molecular changes after injection. Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of intra-articular injections of triamcinolone and HA in a frozen shoulder rat model and verify a greater effect of triamcinolone in passive shoulder abduction compared with HA. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.

This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon. Open AccessArticle by Dong Rak Kwon * and Sung Cheol Cho Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.