Suraj Negi

1 Introduction Biogas is a crucial renewable energy source, produced primarily through the anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic matter, such as food waste, municipal solid waste, agricultural residues, and sewage sludge. Its composition is typically a mixture of 45%–75% methane (CH4), 25%–50% carbon dioxide (CO2), and low concentrations of other gases, including hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia (NH3), and trace elements.