Suryani Saallah

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1 INTRODUCTION Infectious bronchitis is an acute and highly contagious viral disease and is considered one of the most important upper respiratory tract diseases in chickens (Cavanagh & Gelb, 2008). Infectious bronchitis is caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), which belongs to the gamma coronaviruses (order: Nidovirales, family: Coronaviridae) with positive-sense single-stranded viral RNA (+) ssRNA) with a diameter of 120 to 160 nm (Legnardi et al., 2020; Payne, 2017).

Dian Ayu Eka Pitaloka,1,2 Yolani Syaputri,3,4 Puspita Nurlilasari,5 Shafa Fitri Khairunnisa,1 Suryani Saallah6 1Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia; 2Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia; 3Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia; 4Center...