1 Introduction Plants are challenged with numerous stresses, both abiotic and biotic, which must be minimised or overcome in order to grow and reproduce. Of the natural enemies attacking plants, pathogens are particularly diverse and damaging, especially in agricultural systems, where they are one of the most significant threats to crop production (Oerke 2006; Savary et al. 2019). In response to pathogen attack, plants divert resources away from growth to defence (M. Gao et al.