Suvekshya Shrestha

Abstract Naturally derived phytochemicals such as gallic acid (GA) exhibit multitargeted anticancer properties and favorable safety profiles, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying their chemopreventive effects in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain incompletely defined. Using a 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO)-induced oral carcinogenesis mouse model, we evaluated GA’s effects on tumor progression, immune modulation, and stress-hormone-related pathways.

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1. Introduction Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is a type 4 delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, triggered by an immune response that occurs when the skin comes into contact with an allergen or a hapten [1]. CHS is a prevalent occupational dermatological condition, affecting approximately 15–20% of the general adult population. It is frequently caused by fragrant cosmetics, with stabilizing and texture agents being the two most significant allergens found in these products [2,3,4,5].