Sven Barth

Sabri Koraltan Physics of 3D Nanomaterials, Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, A-1040 Vienna, Austria Physics of Functional Materials, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria Search for more papers by this author

1 Introduction Additive manufacturing, often referred to as 3D printing, represents a paradigm shift in fabrication technologies spanning feature sizes from 10−7 m to the meter scale. Instead of removing material from a larger block, additive manufacturing builds objects from precursors directly using digital designs. This approach offers unprecedented design freedom, reduces material waste, and allows for rapid prototyping as well as on-demand production.

Abstract Additive nanotechnology enable curvilinear and three-dimensional (3D) magnetic architectures with tunable topology and functionalities surpassing their planar counterparts. Here, we experimentally reveal that 3D soft magnetic wireframe structures resemble compact manifolds and accommodate magnetic textures of high order vorticity determined by the Euler characteristic, χ.