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Articles by Sven Bölte
Estimating differing causal roles of glutamate and GABA genes on brain and behavior in autism
Abstract The excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) imbalance theory suggests that excitatory and inhibitory alterations underlies autism characteristics. However, genetic underpinnings of this imbalance and its impact on brain function and behavior remains unclear.
Sleep in Young Children With Autism, ADHD and Combined Presentations
Filename Description aur70326-sup-0001-TableS1-S8.docxWord 2007 document , 93.8 KB Table S1: Diagnostic certainty ratings. Table S2: Linear mixed-effects model predictors of sleep behaviors assessed with the Sleep and Settle Questionnaire. Table S3: Linear mixed-effects model predictors of sleep behaviors assessed with the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Table S4: Cumulative link mixed model predictors of sleep behaviors assessed with the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire.
The stability of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule‐2 in children aged 14-36 months with elevated likelihood for autism
Data availability statement The data sets generated and analysed during this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Supporting Information Filename Description jcpp70078-sup-0001-AppendixS1.docxWord 2007 document , 57.3 KB Table S1. Available data for the ADOS-2 per time point. Table S2. MSEL and sex of included and excluded children. Table S3. ADOS-2 modules and classifications per age and per CBE outcome. Table S4.
The power of words: respectful language in ADHD research
CommentVolume 12, Issue 12p876-879 aSchool of Medicine, Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK bSchool of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK cAccare Child Study Center, Groningen, Netherlands dDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands eLevvel, Specialists for Youth and Family, Amsterdam, Netherlands fCentre for...
A scoping review of current approaches to strengths-based transition practices for autistic adolescents
Introduction Traditionally, interventions for autistic individuals have focused on identifying and addressing the challenges or deficits associated with autism (Guldberg, 2017). These approaches have been largely underpinned by viewing autism solely from a biological perspective of disability, aiming to address autistic symptomatology (Anderson-Chavarria, 2022; Gold, 2014).
The moderating role of co-occurring attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in social skills group training for autistic children and adolescents
Introduction Social skills group training (SSGT) is a frequently used intervention to support verbal autistic children and adolescents within the average intellectual range to cope with everyday social demands and expectations. Typically conducted in small groups, this training may incorporate antecedent-based strategies, reinforcement, and behavioral practice techniques.
Övergången vid neuropsykiatrisk funktionsnedsättning en utmaning
För att unga med neuropsykiatriska funktionsnedsättningar ska kunna leva självständigt krävs att de uppnått flera centrala milstolpar, vilka ställer krav på initiativ och beslutsamhet [1]. Forskning fokuserad på åldersgruppen 18–25 år har utvecklats till en egen vetenskaplig disciplin [2].
Why do false claims that vaccines cause autism refuse to die? Here are nine reasons
The idea that autism is caused by vaccines has recently been revived by Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the presumptive nominee for US Secretary of Health and Human Services, as well as by president-elect Donald Trump.
Why do false claims that vaccines cause autism refuse to die? Here are nine reasons
By Sven Bölte, Professor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Science, Karolinska Institutet The idea that autism is caused by vaccines has recently been revived by Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the presumptive nominee for US Secretary of Health and Human Services, as well as by president-elect Donald Trump.
Why do false claims that vaccines cause autism refuse to die? Here are nine reasons Original
The idea that autism is caused by vaccines has recently been revived by Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the presumptive nominee for US Secretary of Health and Human Services, as well as by president-elect Donald Trump.
Deep learning empowered sensor fusion boosts infant movement classification - Communications Medicine
Abstract To assess the integrity of the developing nervous system, the Prechtl general movement assessment (GMA) is recognized for its clinical value in diagnosing neurological impairments in early infancy. GMA has been increasingly augmented through machine learning approaches intending to scale-up its application, circumvent costs in the training of human assessors and further standardize classification of spontaneous motor patterns.
Eight reasons why ADHD diagnoses are increasing
For a long time it was assumed that somewhere between 5 and 6% of children have attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). But the rates, in practice, are often higher. The American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention put the prevalence at 11.4% in children in 2022. The Swedish Board of Health and Welfare reports that in 2022 10.5% of boys and 6% of girls received an ADHD diagnosis, which is 50% more than in 2019.
ADHS-Diagnosen explodieren: 8 überraschende Gründe für den Anstieg
Immer mehr Menschen erhalten die Diagnose ADHS, in Schweden stieg die Rate bei Kindern seit 2019 um 50 Prozent. Woher kommt der Anstieg? Ein Gastbeitrag. Lange Zeit wurde angenommen, dass zwischen 5 und 6 % der Kinder an einer Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) leiden. In der Praxis sind die Raten jedoch häufig höher. Die US-amerikanischen Zentren für Krankheitskontrolle und Prävention schätzten die Prävalenz bei Kindern auf 11,4 Prozent.
Correction: Urine metabolomic profiles of autism and autistic traits-A twin study
The Data Availability statement for this paper is incorrect. The correct Data Availability statement is as follows: The data sets are accessible, after necessary clearances, through the Swedish National Data Service’s (SND) research data catalogue (SND-ID: 2024–444, DOI: 10.48723/6821-pn89). Citation: Arora A, Mastropasqua F, Bölte S, Tammimies K (2024) Correction: Urine metabolomic profiles of autism and autistic traits–A twin study. PLoS ONE 19(12): e0315559.
Oito razões pelas quais os diagnósticos de TDAH estão aumentando
Por muito tempo, presumiu-se que algo entre 5 e 6% das crianças tinham Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH). Mas, na prática, as taxas costumam ser mais altas. Os Centros Americanos de Controle e Prevenção de Doenças estimaram, em 2022, a prevalência em 11,4% em crianças. O Conselho Sueco de Saúde e Bem-Estar relata que, também em 2022, 10,5% dos meninos e 6% das meninas receberam um diagnóstico de TDAH, o que representa 50% a mais do que em 2019.
Moving Beyond the Phenotypic Correlation Between Anorexia Nervosa and Autism
1 Introduction The systematic review and meta-analysis by Inal-Kaleli et al. (2024) explores the presence of autistic traits and autism diagnosis in populations with anorexia nervosa (AN). In their review, the researchers found elevated autistic traits in AN compared to control groups, and a notable, albeit small, correlation between autistic traits and eating disorder symptoms.
ADHD Diagnoses Keep Rising Higher. This Is Why It's Happening. Original
For a long time it was assumed that somewhere between 5 and 6% of children have attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD). But the rates, in practice, are often higher. The American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention put the prevalence at 11.4% in children in 2022. The Swedish Board of Health and Welfare reports that in 2022 10.5% of boys and 6% of girls received an ADHD diagnosis, which is 50% more than in 2019.
Why ADHD Diagnoses Are on the Rise: 8 Key Factors
People’s expectations of their own and others’ performance and health are rising. For a long time it was assumed that somewhere between 5 and 6% of children have attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). But the rates, in practice, are often higher. The American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention put the prevalence at 11.4% in children in 2022.
Eight reasons why ADHD diagnoses are increasing
By Sven Bölte, Professor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Science, Karolinska Institutet For a long time it was assumed that somewhere between 5 and 6% of children have attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). But the rates, in practice, are often higher. The American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention put the prevalence at 11.4% in children in 2022. The Swedish Board of Health and Welfare… Read complete article © The Conversation -
Eight reasons why ADHD diagnoses are increasing
For a long time it was assumed that somewhere between 5 and 6% of children have attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). But the rates, in practice, are often higher. The American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention put the prevalence at 11.4% in children in 2022. The Swedish Board of Health and Welfare reports that in 2022 10.5% of boys and 6% of girls received an ADHD diagnosis, which is 50% more than in 2019.
Career Guidance and Employment Issues for Neurodivergent Individuals: A Scoping Review and Stakeholder Consultation
1 Introduction Neurodevelopmental conditions (NDCs), comprising autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), communication difficulties (e.g., language disorders), learning disabilities (e.g., dyslexia), motor problems (e.g., Tourette's; developmental coordination disorder) and intellectual disability (American Psychiatric Association 2013; World Health Organization 2019), are expressions of human ontogenetic and neurological variation, contributing to diversity within society...
Application of the international classification of functioning, disability, and health in autism and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A scoping review - Lovisa Alehagen, Sven Bölte, Melissa H Black, 2024
Autism and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two common neurodevelopmental conditions (NDCs) (Thomas et al., 2015; Zeidan et al., 2022). Both conditions represent a divergence from typical development and are defined by functioning difficulties that interfere with mainstream social, academic, or occupational demands and expectancies (Levy et al., 2009).
Practitioner Review: Continuity of mental health care from childhood to adulthood for youths with ADHD - who, how and when?
Introduction Psychiatric conditions are common in children and young people and often persist into adulthood. Such persistence has been associated with adverse consequences, including poor educational and professional attainment, social dysfunction, and lower economic status (Clayborne, Varin, & Colman, 2019; Gibb, Fergusson, & Horwood, 2010; Kessler et al., 2007).
The Gestalt of functioning in autism revisited: First revision of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Core Sets
Introduction Human science disciplines seek to describe and understand the essence and details of individuals’ physical characteristics, behaviors, beliefs, values, experiences, and living situations, as well as their inter-individual differences. Human science draws from biology, neuroscience, psychology, medicine, pedagogy, and sociology, their generic and specific models and explanations for human variability.
School absenteeism in autistic children and adolescents: A scoping review
Introduction Education is a basic human right, preparing children and adolescents (hereafter called children) for their future life and active citizenship. Still, it has been estimated that one out of five children are out of school (UNESCO, 2020).
Reduced brain connectivity along the autism spectrum controlled for familial confounding by co-twin design - Scientific Reports
Abstract Previous studies on brain connectivity correlates of autism have often focused on selective connections and yielded inconsistent results. By applying global fiber tracking and utilizing a within-twin pair design, we aimed to contribute to a more unbiased picture of white matter connectivity in association with clinical autism and autistic traits. Eighty-seven twin pairs (n = 174; 55% monozygotic; 24 with clinical autism) underwent diffusion tensor imaging.
Early-life differences in the gut microbiota composition and functionality of infants at elevated likelihood of developing autism spectrum disorder - Translational Psychiatry
Abstract Evidence from cross-sectional human studies, and preliminary microbial-based intervention studies, have implicated the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the neurobiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Using a prospective longitudinal study design, we investigated the developmental profile of the fecal microbiota and metabolome in infants with (n = 16) and without (n = 19) a family history of ASD across the first 36 months of life.
Global motion processing in infants’ visual cortex and the emergence of autism - Communications Biology
Abstract Autism is a heritable and common neurodevelopmental condition, with behavioural symptoms typically emerging around age 2 to 3 years. Differences in basic perceptual processes have been documented in autistic children and adults. Specifically, data from many experiments suggest links between autism and alterations in global visual motion processing (i.e., when individual motion information is integrated to perceive an overall coherent pattern).
Sex and gender in neurodevelopmental conditions - Nature Reviews Neurology
Abstract Health-related conditions often differ qualitatively or quantitatively between individuals of different birth-assigned sexes and gender identities, and/or with different gendered experiences, requiring tailored care.
Excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in autism: the role of glutamate and GABA gene-sets in symptoms and cortical brain structure - Translational Psychiatry
Abstract The excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) imbalance hypothesis posits that imbalance between excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (GABAergic) mechanisms underlies the behavioral characteristics of autism. However, how E/I imbalance arises and how it may differ across autism symptomatology and brain regions is not well understood.
Annual Research Review: Perspectives on progress in ADHD science - from characterization to cause
Outstanding questions Should ERD and/or SCT be considered as part of the ADHD diagnostic criteria and/or as specifiers within ADHD? The evidence for ERD as a core feature of ADHD is growing and these features are informing models of dysregulation as an organizing framework that can inform nosology.
What are you looking at? Gaze following with and without target objects in ASD and typical development
Joint attention (JA)—the sharing of attention between two individuals toward a common object (Bruner, 1975; Scaife & Bruner, 1975)—is a prerequisite for many socio-cognitive functions, including language and social learning (e.g. Morales et al., 2000; Van Hecke et al., 2012). Joint attention is also known as an area of challenge in autism spectrum disorder (ASD; e.g. Charman, 2003; Mundy, 2016).
First-of-its-kind commission defines 'profound autism,' issues recommendations
The term ‘profound autism’ should be used to describe autistic people who require round-the-clock, lifelong care, a team of autism researchers, clinicians, autistic adults and parents of autistic people announced today. The guidance is part of a set of suggestions for the field to improve autistic people’s medical care and clinical research on the condition.
Larger pupil dilation to nonsocial sounds in infants with subsequent autism diagnosis
Abstract Background Studies of infants with an elevated likelihood of autism spectrum disorder can identify basic developmental processes that are associated with subsequently emerging clinical symptoms. Atypical responsiveness to sounds in infancy is such a potential early marker of autism. Here, we used pupillometry to quantify reactivity to social and nonsocial sounds in infants with a subsequent diagnosis.
Publishing standards for promoting excellence in autism research
We are living through transformational times. Persistent structural injustices are currently being called out in every part of academia – especially, but not exclusively, with regard to gender and race (Andoh, 2021; Buchanan & Wiklund, 2020). In wider society, discussion about the rights of minority groups forms a prominent strand of socio-political discourse.
Reconciling the seemingly irreconcilable: The WHO's ICF system integrates biological and psychosocial environmental determinants of autism and ADHD
Abstract Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), such as autism and ADHD, are behaviorally defined adaptive functioning difficulties arising from variations, alterations and atypical maturation of the brain.
“We believe in good jobs, fair jobs, dignifying jobs that give you a good sense of identity”: Career and job guidance counseling in autism
Work and employment are fundamental to societies and people, enabling adults to reach economic independence with dignity. Optimally, jobs allow individuals to pursue interests and talents to reach their full potential. Unfortunately, unemployment rates are still high among autistic individuals, and autistic adults and their parents have identified work and jobs as a priority area for research (Pellicano et al., 2014).
Functional gender differences in autism: An international, multidisciplinary expert survey using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health model - Karl Lundin, Soheil Mahdi, Johan Isaksson, Sven Bölte, 2020
Introduction Autism spectrum conditions (henceforth autism) are associated with limited outcomes in a multitude of functional domains, including general adaptive capacities (Kenworthy et al., 2010), education, employment, and relationships (Howlin & Moss, 2012), as well as lower quality of life, somatic complications, and premature mortality (Hirvikoski et al., 2016; Jonsson et al., 2017; Pan et al., 2020).
Neurological disorders in autism: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Declaration of conflicting interests The author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Sven Bölte discloses that he has in the last 5 years acted as an author, consultant, or lecturer for Shire, Medice, Roche, Eli Lilly, and Prima Psychiatry. He receives royalties for text books and diagnostic tools from Huber/Hogrefe, Kohlhammer, and UTB.
Serotonin transporter availability in adults with autism-a positron emission tomography study
Abstract Impairments in social interaction and communication, in combination with restricted, repetitive behaviors and interests, define the neurodevelopmental diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The biological underpinnings of ASD are not well known, but the hypothesis of serotonin (5-HT) involvement in the neurodevelopment of ASD is one of the longest standing.
Motor atypicalities in infancy are associated with general developmental level at 2 years, but not autistic symptoms
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by atypicalities in various aspects of motor functioning (Fournier et al., 2010; Green et al., 2009; Leonard et al., 2014). While motor atypicalities are not included in the diagnostic criteria of ASD (American Psychiatric Association 2013), they are considered in the clinical practice and described as an associated feature of the condition in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual−fifth edition (DSM-5).
The Association Between Somatic Health, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Autistic Traits
Abstract This study used a twin cohort to investigate the association of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and autistic traits with somatic health. A total of 344 twins (172 pairs; mean age 15.56 ± 5.62 years) enriched for ASD and other neurodevelopmental conditions were examined. Medical history and current physical problems were collected with a validated questionnaire to determine twin’s somatic health.
A new era for autism research, and for our journal
Autism research is changing. There is more of it than ever before. In August 2017, the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee (IACC), the advisory committee that coordinates federal efforts and provides advice to the US government on issues related to autism, recommended that autism-related research funding in the United States should increase further still, doubling by 2020. If this recommendation were successful, US lawmakers would commit an unprecedented amount of funding to autism research.
Dynamical properties of elemental metabolism distinguish attention deficit hyperactivity disorder from autism spectrum disorder
Abstract Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are neurodevelopmental conditions of overlapping etiologies and phenotypes. For ASD, we recently reported altered elemental metabolic patterns in the form of short and irregular zinc and copper cycles. Here, we extend the application of these biomarkers of prenatal and early postnatal elemental metabolism to distinguish between individuals diagnosed with ADHD and/or ASD and neurotypical controls.
Hey autism researcher, what’s on your mind today about inclusion?
Researchers must get out of their ivory towers and engage in matters other than their grants and publications. Those who also work clinically or support and advice communities to improve policy and practice understand this necessity. People who use public services, or are careful observers of society grasp that science must reach practice, and that in many places there is still a huge research-to-practice gap, which includes the field of autism (Mandell, 2019).
Hey autism researcher, what’s on your mind today about inclusion?
Researchers must get out of their ivory towers and engage in matters other than their grants and publications. Those who also work clinically or support and advice communities to improve policy and practice understand this necessity. People who use public services, or are careful observers of society grasp that science must reach practice, and that in many places there is still a huge research-to-practice gap, which includes the field of autism (Mandell, 2019).
Complex facial emotion recognition and atypical gaze patterns in autistic adults
American Psychiatric Association . (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. Google Scholar | Crossref Black, M., Chen, N., Iyer, K., Lipp, O., Bolte, S., Falkmer, M., . . . Girdler, S. (2017). Mechanisms of facial emotion recognition in autism spectrum disorders: Insights from eye tracking and electroencephalography. Neuroscience and Biobehavioural Reviews, 80, 488–515.
The good, the bad and systematic reviews
Countless interventions have claimed to treat all aspects of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Some of these claims are doubtful, some more reasonable; some treatments and associated claims we may deeply distrust and others might be our favorites; no matter our personal opinion, only a few demonstrate consistently positive effects under rigorous conditions (Bölte, 2014).
Parent/caregiver perspectives of functioning in autism spectrum disorders: A comparative study in Sweden and South Africa
Introduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO; 2013) as a global public health concern with a global prevalence rate in excess of 1% (Baxter et al., 2015; Christensen et al., 2016; Elsabbagh et al., 2012). Importantly, approximately 90% of individuals with ASD live in low/middle-income countries (LMICs; de Vries, 2016; Franz, Chambers, von Isenburg, & de Vries, 2017; Kieling et al., 2011).
Parental asthma and risk of autism spectrum disorder in offspring: a population and family based case‐control study
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