Takuya Ibara

1 INTRODUCTION Accurate section registration is required to preserve anatomical continuity in 3D reconstructions derived from serial histological sections (Muro, Chang, et al., 2025; Muro, Shoji, et al., 2025). In morphological and developmental anatomy, even small positional inconsistencies between adjacent slices can lead to geometric distortions in reconstructed volumes.

1 Introduction Pelvic floor dysfunction is observed in approximately 24%–25% of adult women and can lead to urinary disorders, defecatory dysfunction, sexual dysfunction, and pelvic organ prolapse (Nygaard et al. 2008; Wu et al. 2014). The maintenance of pelvic floor function is essential for the prevention and treatment of these conditions, and its age-related decline has been linked to morphological changes in the pelvic floor muscles, particularly the levator ani muscle (Muro and Akita 2023).