A region once made inaccessible by ice is rapidly becoming one of the most contested spaces in global politics. As Arctic ice disappears, routes are becoming more navigable, creating shorter distances for transoceanic shipments than current ones using the Suez or Panama canals. Melting ice also provides access to previously unexploited natural resources: the region is home to vast mineral and rare-earth deposits, as well as oil reserves estimated to hold 20% of the world’s remaining fossil fuels.