Technology-Hellas Heraklion Greece

1 Introduction Plants face continuous environmental fluctuations; temperature shifts, changes in light quality and intensity, water availability, and redox perturbations, which demand rapid, reversible cellular responses [1]. These signals are initially transduced at the plasma membrane–cell wall interface, where receptor-like kinases, mechanosensitive channels, and lipid-modifying enzymes convert extracellular conditions into intracellular signaling cascades [2].

Cellular senescence, initially defined in 1961 [[1]], represents a state of stable, irreversible cell cycle arrest that cells can enter in response to stressors, developmental cues or intrinsic timing mechanisms, such as telomere shortening [[2-5]]. Depending on the context, senescent cells can promote inflammation and cellular dysfunction or tissue regeneration and repair [[4, 6, 7]].

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