Teresa Baraza

Introduction Karst landscapes contain open channels, conduits, and fractures (Atkinson 1977; White 1988) that facilitate the rapid flux of solids, solutes, and gasses into and through the subsurface such that these landscapes may be more vulnerable to climate and land use changes than siliciclastic counterparts (Hartmann et al. 2014; Covington et al. 2023; Zhang et al. 2023; Leins et al. 2025).

1 Introduction Reservoirs are constructed to address a range of societal needs, including flood control, drinking water supply, irrigation, and recreation. These artificial river impoundments provide ecosystem services by regulating potential changes in water quantity and quality caused by anthropogenic forces such as land use alterations and climate change (Williamson et al. 2014; Yasarer and Sturm 2016), making them key engineering tools used worldwide.