Thuane M Anacleto

Introduction Global energy demand is projected to increase by 45–60% by 2030,1 but 85% of the world's energy system remains dependent on fossil fuel, posing significant challenges for decarbonization.2 The EU has predicted that, by 2050, biomass energy could increase to 250 million tons of oil equivalent (Mtoe), with over 70 Mtoe provided by biogas as part of its decarbonization strategy.3 Moreover, prediction models suggest that the net-zero carbon emission target, expected between 2050 and...