Tian-Mei Si

Abstract Despite its high prevalence, the precise mechanisms underlying major depressive disorder (MDD) remain incompletely understood. Growing evidence identifies mitochondrial dysfunction, including abnormalities in mitochondrial DNA, impaired bioenergetics, disrupted quality control, and redox imbalance, as a central pathological feature of MDD. Beyond deficits in energy production, mitochondria function as upstream regulators of neuroinflammation.

Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Supporting Information Filename Description appy70017-sup-0001-Supplementary_Tables.docxWord 2007 document , 24.2 KB Table S1: Characteristics of study subjects from 12 Asian regions.

Abstract Major depressive disorder (MDD) imposes significant global health burdens, yet its underlying neural mechanisms remain elusive. Traditional static functional metrics inadequately capture the brain’s dynamic nature, motivating the exploration of dynamic functional metrics to understand both the temporal and spatial reconfigurations of brain networks in MDD.