Tianying Zhao

1 Introduction Lung cancer (LC) is one of the most common cancers and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, affecting both men and women [1]. Tobacco smoking remains the primary risk factor associated with the development of LC [1]. Other risk factors include alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, family history of lung diseases, and various environmental and occupational exposures. Genetic factors significantly influence lung cancer risk.

Keywords Humans, Breast Neoplasms, Female, Genome-Wide Association Study, Proteome, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Middle Aged, Case-Control Studies, Risk Factors, Cancer epidemiology, Breast cancer Abstract BACKGROUND: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 200 breast cancer risk-associated genetic loci, yet the causal genes and biological mechanisms for most loci remain elusive.

Abstract Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 200 breast cancer risk-associated genetic loci, yet the causal genes and biological mechanisms for most loci remain elusive. Proteins, as final gene products, are pivotal in cellular function. In this study, we conducted a proteome-wide association study (PWAS) to identify proteins in breast tissue related to breast cancer risk.