Timileyin David Oyedeji

1 Introduction Oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) steels are a specialized class of materials that incorporate fine, uniformly distributed oxide nanoparticles within a metallic matrix. These nanoparticles, typically refractory oxides such as Y2O3, ZrO2, or TiO2, contribute significantly to the unique mechanical properties of ODS steels. Known for their exceptional performance, particularly at elevated temperatures, ODS steels exhibit enhanced strength, creep resistance, and thermal stability.

Abstract Phase-field modeling has become a powerful tool in describing the complex pore-structure evolution and the intricate multiphysics in nonisothermal sintering processes. However, the quantitative validity of conventional variational phase-field models involving diffusive processes is a challenge. Artificial interface effects, like the trapping effects, may originate at the interface when the kinetic properties of two opposing phases are different.