Tomasz Trawiński

1. Introduction The long-term changes in the climate underscore the urgent need for decisive action to curb the rise in Earth’s average temperature, primarily through the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. In 1897, Professor Svante Arrhenius, in his article On the Influence of Carbonic Acid in the Air upon the Temperature of the Ground [1], was among the first researchers to highlight the impact of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels on the rise in global temperature.

1. Introduction Electric energy in Poland is increasingly produced with the use of environmentally friendly renewable energy sources (RES) [1]. According to the data published by the Energy Market Agency, the dynamics of the increase in the number of installed RES sources in November 2022 was 135.2% compared with the previous year. So-called green energy [2] is produced using wind turbines [3], hydro power plants [4], biogas plants [5], photovoltaics [6] and biomass power plants [7].