Torge Hartig

Samah A Loutfy Nanotechnology Research Centre (NTRC), The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837 Egypt Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Fom El-Khalig, Cairo, 11796 Egypt Search for more papers by this author

1 Introduction Functional polymers are widely used in biomedical applications, which require precise material characteristics like roughness and surface functionality due to the complex nature of biological pathways, specific cells, viruses, and other biological species.

1 Introduction Renewable energy sources and their efficient utilization play a crucial role in overcoming the ecological and societal implications associated with the extensive usage of limited fossil fuels.