Totadri Dhimal

Introduction The US Department of Corrections (DOC) spends over $8.1 billion annually on health care for nearly 2 million incarcerated individuals.1 Despite this substantial investment, the surgical care of incarcerated individuals is poorly understood.2,3 While some studies suggest low postoperative mortality, a single-county postmortem analysis found that nearly 20% of in-prison deaths were attributable to trauma or acute care surgical (ACS) conditions.2,4 Importantly, among those with...

Approximately 15% of 150 000 annual US colorectal cancer cases are deficient in mismatch repair (dMMR), leading to microsatellite instability (MSI).1 The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) advised universal mismatch repair (MMR)/MSI testing in 2017.1 However, among patients with stage IV disease treated in 2017, only 56% underwent MMR/MSI testing.2 Given broadened indications for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in MMR/MSI deficient colorectal cancer, including select...