Touati Benoukraf

Correction to: Nature Protocols https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-025-01270-5, published online 1 October 2025. In the version of this article originally published, text artifacts “&39;” and “e;” appeared within lines of code at the end of the Equipment setup and in Steps 15, 16, 18 and 19. The code has been amended in the HTML and PDF sections of the article. About this article Samy, A., Tham, C.Y., Dyer, M. et al.

Abstract Fear, while crucial for survival, is a component of a myriad of psychiatric illnesses in its extreme. Persistent fear memories can form through processes such as second-order conditioning (SOC), during which a second-order conditioned stimulus (CS2) acquires significance by associating with a first-order conditioned stimulus (CS1). The neural circuitry underlying SOC, particularly the roles of sensory cortices, remains poorly understood.

Abstract Confocal microscopy has evolved as a widely adopted imaging technique in molecular biology and is frequently utilized to achieve accurate subcellular localization of proteins. Applying colocalization analysis on image z-stacks obtained from confocal fluorescence microscopes is a dependable method to reveal the association between different molecules.