Tumul Chowdhury

The trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR), a unique brainstem reflex, was clinically described in skull base surgeries in the 90s [1] and since then, there has been a growing interest to explore this phenomenon further. Unfortunately, the precise definition of the TCR remains somewhat fuzzy impeding the TCR research. Currently, it is based on a relatively diffusion definition of the TCR: decrease in mean heart rate and/or mean arterial blood pressure by more than 20%.

The photic sneeze reflex (PSR) is a phenomenon of uncontrollable sneezing episodes following sudden exposure of the sunlight. It is usually a mild reaction, but sometimes imposes significant consequences in particular occupation [1]. The exact mechanism is poorly understood. Various mechanisms have been proposed [2].

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties. No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.