Tung-Chu Bai

The authors have declared no competing interest. I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: VinDr-CXR: An open dataset of chest X-rays with radiologist's annotations was published in Scientific Data (2022) and has been publicly available through PhysioNet since its release.

The authors have declared no competing interest. I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: The study used ONLY openly available human data that were released publicly by the NIH Clinical Center in 2017, well before the initiation of this study.