Twesh Upadhyaya

Abstract The question of how to characterize disorder arises in a wide variety of settings, including information theory, economics, and quantum thermodynamics. The theory of majorization provides an elegant answer, playing a central role in these fields. However, the existing majorization framework is inapplicable to functions that both take negative values and are defined on infinite spaces.

Abstract INTRODUCTION RESULTS DISCUSSION MATERIALS AND METHODS Acknowledgments Supplementary Materials REFERENCES Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract Continuous-variable (CV) quantum key distribution (QKD) allows for quantum secure communication with the benefit of being close to classical coherent communication.

Popular Summary As an ice cube melts in water, the heat exchanged by the two produces disorder. Imagine measuring the heat flow while the ice melts in each of many trials. From the measurement results, one can compute the disorder generated in each trial—the stochastic entropy production (SEP). The SEP is well understood in the case of two classical systems interacting; there is one widely accepted SEP definition that can be expressed equivalently via three formulas.