Tzai-Li Li

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2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Participants Twenty-two well-trained male kayak athletes (age 15.9 ± 2.3 years, height 172.2 ± 5.5 cm, body mass 63.30 ± 6.95 kg, body fat 13.77 ± 3.76%) were recruited voluntarily as participants in this study. These athletes had undergone training for at least 3 years and had trained more than three times per week during the past three months.