Ulla Pirita Tapaninen

You are already at the latest version Climate change has exacerbated the need for transitional shifts within high-impact sectors, notably maritime transport, which facilitates nearly 90% of global trade. In response, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has implemented stricter environmental regulations under MARPOL Annex VI which includes, among other things, the designation of Emission Control Areas (ECAs) and Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSAs).

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Submitted: 14 February 2025 You are already at the latest version Ports and waterways are integral components of the maritime transport system, facilitating global trade and logistics. Governments, ports, and service providers levy charges on vessels for the use of fairways, port access, and associated services.