Valeriy Y Ivanov

1 Introduction Terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET) is the process that involves the transfer of water from the land surface to the atmosphere (Good et al., 2015; Oki & Kanae, 2006). It plays a crucial role in the Earth's energy balance by converting solar radiation into latent heat (Trenberth et al., 2009), affecting both local and global temperature patterns.

Despite substantial investments in urban stormwater management systems around the world, cities are experiencing soaring impacts that are inconsistent with assumed levels of flood protection. This suggests that there are flaws in existing stormwater design methods and guidelines, which currently do not properly account for the complexity of flood flows in urban landscapes and their interactions with infrastructure and with natural and artificial water bodies.

Abstract Urban flooding is intensifying worldwide, presenting growing challenges to urban communities. We posit that most of the flood management solutions currently employed are local in nature and fail to account for ways in which the space–time connectivity of floods is exacerbated by built infrastructure. We examine the 2014 flood in Southeast Michigan to identify key factors contributing to urban flooding and explore the implications of design choices on inundation.