Vanadia Utama Science

1 Introduction Drug delivery system (DDS) is a medication technique by delivering specific drug or active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) to specific parts of the body at a controlled delivery time and concentration to achieve a desired therapeutic response [1, 2]. Tablets, capsules, powders, and other conventional drug systems lack target specificity, causing some drug side effects and drug resistance problems.

1 Introduction Ensuring food safety is critical within the global food supply chain to minimize spoilage and reduce food waste. Effective packaging solutions that prevent microbial contamination and extend product shelf life play a vital role in preserving food quality, ultimately contributing to more sustainable food systems by curbing waste at various stages of distribution and consumption. Food waste typically occurs during distribution, storage, and final consumer use.