Vanessa Pino

This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon. Open AccessArticle by 1,*, 1,*, 1, 2 and 3 1 School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia 2 School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia 3 School of Architecture, Design, and Planning, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

4. Discussion Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage breakdown, subchondral bone sclerosis, and synovial inflammation. Inflammation is a key factor in the pathogenesis of OA, and synovial macrophages play a crucial role in mediating this inflammatory response. Inflammation in OA is driven by various factors, including mechanical stress, cartilage degradation products, and cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α [32].

Abstract : Fresh water is an increasingly scarce resource in both urban and rural development. As a response to this challenge, non-potable water reuse is on the rise. This research explored a potential off-grid system for water purification, consisting of a staircase wetland with terracotta pot plants working as a filter for greywater. This study further investigated the physicochemical properties of greywater and the soil before and after wetland purification.