Vedanti Kelkar

You are already at the latest version Urban flooding in rapidly urbanizing coastal megacities is increasingly intensified by climate variability, declining permeability, ecological degradation, and infrastructure pressures. In Mumbai, India, flood management continues to rely predominantly on conventional grey stormwater infrastructure despite growing international advocacy for Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI).

Abstract As part of Koreas reformed developmental strategy, Songdo has been planned as a smart and sustainable city, often regarded as a Green city. Koreas futuristic growth engine has been crusading out rightly to be a Green City by the inclusion of not only green techniques but also in terms of its spatial aspect. At the core of this strategy is the implementation of LEED ND based smart growth criteria to plan sustainable urban design concepts.

Submitted: 19 December 2025 You are already at the latest version Indian metropolitan cities such as Mumbai grapple with urbanization, extreme urban density, high built-up areas, loss of green cover, and open spaces, leading to increased impermeable surfaces, urban heat, and flooding occurrences. Modern stormwater management has been characterized as a combination of grey-green approaches.