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Abstract African elephants (Loxodonta africana) depend on the fibrolytic capacity of their gut microbiome (GMB) to efficiently utilize fibrous plant material. However, knowledge is missing on the temporal stability and functional dynamics (especially fibrolytic capacity) of their GMB. Likewise, information on the associated volatile fatty acids (VFA) production in the elephant’s hindgut is scarce.
Sexual selection has resulted in a diversity of elaborate and physically impressive behaviors that have evolved in males to compete with rivals and attract mates (Byers et al. 2010; Barske et al. 2011). In many cases, these behaviors evolve by co-opting existing physical capabilities, but in other cases this requires the evolution of novel motor skills (reviewed in Fuxjager et al. 2022; Goller 2022).
Giant panda twin cubs Fu Feng and Fu Ban, which were born on August 7, are seen in their enclosure at Schoenbrunn Zoo in Vienna, in this handout photo released December 30, 2016. ? Reuters picVIENNA, Dec 31 ? Twin panda cubs born last summer at Vienna's Schoenbrunn Zoo have ventured out of their cave to make their public debut, keepers said yesterday, adding the sister and brother were growing up healthily.
Most frogs use acoustic signals - or croaks - to communicate during mating season, but some species have also developed a wave, called a foot flag, as a signal to deter the competition. They fully extend their back leg over their head, rotating it backwards in an arc to expose white-colored foot webbing, and then retract it to the body. New research from Wake Forest University studies the role testosterone plays in the evolutionary process of these waving displays.
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