Vinicius Carrillo Beber

All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.

1. Introduction In 2021, the European Commission launched the report “Industry 5.0 Towards a sustainable, human-centric and resilient European industry” [], highlighting the need for broadening value propositions from a sole shareholder value towards value for all involved stakeholders, and they identified research and innovation as drivers for a transition in this direction.

5.5. Failure Ratio As noted in Section 5.2 and Section 5.3, during fatigue testing for TAST and butt joints, cracking of these joints initiates differently. In the first case, cracks are visible from the beginning of the fatigue test at the edges of the overlap length. In the latter, no cracks are visible from the outside until the final failure occurs.