The Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine, often given to infants in countries with high rates of tuberculosis, is also being tested as a treatment for diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease and other conditions.Credit: Nikolay Doycinov/AFP via Getty A century-old vaccine against tuberculosis helps to regulate blood sugar in people with certain types of diabetes, such that they can reduce their insulin use, according to the results of a phase II clinical trial.