Wonbae Lee

1 Introduction The ongoing advancement and miniaturization of modern electronics require power sources that combine compactness, scalability, and flexibility with reliable performance under both harsh and sensitive conditions.[1, 2] Emerging applications such as soft robotics, implantable biomedical devices, and wearable electronics further demand attributes beyond electrical output, including biocompatibility, safety, mechanical compliance, and lightweight construction.[1, 3-5] Current...

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