Xiaoshang Deng

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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon. Open AccessReview by 1, 1, 1 and 1,2,* 1 College of Economics and Management, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China 2 Development Research Center of Modern Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

1. Introduction The livestock industry serves as the foundation of the agricultural economy and constitutes the primary source of animal-derived product consumption. The growing demand for these products has led to a significant expansion in the scale of livestock breeding. However, traditional management practices that rely on farmers’ observations, judgment, and experience alone may not fulfill the requirements of modern large-scale livestock farming.