Xiaoying Gao

1 Background Epilepsy corresponds to a neurological condition marked by repeated spontaneous seizures, affecting about 70 million individuals globally [1, 2]. Recurrent seizures cause hippocampal neuronal death, impairing brain function, leading to memory loss and cognitive dysfunction, which seriously affects patients' quality of life [3, 4].

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1. Introduction Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a hydrophilic bile acid extracted from the precious traditional Chinese medicine material—bear bile. This compound has been widely used to treat various liver and gallbladder diseases, and has shown significant therapeutic effects in clinical practice.