Xiaoying Yan

1 INTRODUCTION Understanding plant water use is crucial for gaining insights into hydrological processes within the soil–plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC) and comprehending how plants adapt to changing climate environments (Wang et al., 2017). Past afforestation efforts on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) have primarily focused on pure forests due to their operational simplicity, and soil and water conservation benefits (Dai, Li, & Wang, 2023; Wu et al., 2021).

Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. Supporting Information Filename Description adfm202409416-sup-0001-SuppMat.docx13.6 MB Supporting Information References 1, , Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 10799. 2, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Environ. Int. 2023, 181, 108226. 3, , , Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2019, 19, 688. 4, , Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2020, 21, 363. 5, Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2024, 25, 13. 6, , Nat. Rev. Drug Discovery 2021, 20, 689. 7, , , , , , , Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2016, 55, 6646.

Open AccessArticle by 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,* and 1,2 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China 2 Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou 350207, China * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.