1 Introduction The Orchidaceae subtribe Eriinae encompasses a highly diverse and ecologically significant group of epiphytic and lithophytic orchids, widely distributed across tropical Asia. Historically, its most prominent member, the genus Eria Lindl., was treated as a massive and morphologically heterogeneous group, commonly referred to as the Eria sensu lato (Eria s.l.) complex. Comprising approximately 370 species globally, including 44 species distributed in China (Chen et al.